✨ Introduction The chapter explains how the idea of nationalism emerged in Europe after the French Revolution and how it led to the formation of nation-states like Germany, Italy, and Greece. πͺ Key Concepts πΉ 1. French Revolution and the Idea of Nation The French Revolution of 1789 introduced liberty, equality, fraternity . Nationalism began with: Abolition of monarchy Introduction of a constitution Creation of national symbols (flag, national anthem) Terms like La Patrie (the fatherland) and Le Citoyen (the citizen) were used. French army spread revolutionary ideas to other parts of Europe. πΉ 2. The Making of Nationalism in Europe Europe in the 19th century had many states with diverse cultures, languages, and rulers. No nation-states yet; regions ruled by monarchies like Habsburg Empire. Liberal Nationalism meant: Freedom of individuals Equal laws Free market (economic liberalism) πΉ 3. The Age of Revolutions: 1830–1848 ...
Welcome Class 10 students! Here are your complete, easy-to-understand notes for Geography Chapter 1 – Resources and Development . Perfect for revision, exams, or your school blog! ✅ What is a Resource? Anything that is technologically accessible, economically feasible, and culturally acceptable is called a resource. πΉ Examples : Water, forests, minerals, solar energy, etc. π§ Types of Resources πΉ Based on Origin Biotic : Living things (plants, animals, humans) Abiotic : Non-living things (air, water, soil, minerals) πΉ Based on Exhaustibility Renewable : Can be regenerated (sunlight, wind) Non-renewable : Limited, can’t be reused (coal, petroleum) πΉ Based on Ownership Individual : Privately owned land or buildings Community : Public parks, ponds, playgrounds National : Roads, railways, public buildings International : Oceans, airspace beyond 200 nautical miles πΉ Based on Development Potential : Available but unused Developed : Explored and in use ...
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