Class 10 Study Hub by Mayank

  Welcome students! Here's your full, easy-to-understand Class 10 Science Chemistry Chapter 1 Notes – Chemical Reactions and Equations . Learn all the key points, examples, and practice questions in one place! ✅ What is a Chemical Reaction? A chemical reaction is a process in which one or more substances (reactants) are converted into new substances (products) with different properties. 📌 Examples : Burning of coal: C + O 2 → C O 2 C + O_2 \rightarrow CO_2 C + O 2 ​ → C O 2 ​ Rusting of iron: F e + O 2 + H 2 O → F e 2 O 3 ⋅ x H 2 O Fe + O_2 + H_2O \rightarrow Fe_2O_3·xH_2O F e + O 2 ​ + H 2 ​ O → F e 2 ​ O 3 ​ ⋅ x H 2 ​ O 🧾 Chemical Equation A chemical equation represents a chemical reaction using symbols and formulas. 🟢 Example : Z n + H 2 S O 4 → Z n S O 4 + H 2 Zn + H_2SO_4 \rightarrow ZnSO_4 + H_2 Z n + H 2 ​ S O 4 ​ → Z n S O 4 ​ + H 2 ​ 🔁 Balanced Chemical Equation A balanced chemical equation has an equal number of atoms of each element on both ...

  Welcome to the world of mirrors and lenses! In this chapter, you’ll understand how light behaves , how images are formed , and the rules behind reflection and refraction . 🌟 What is Light? Light is a form of energy that enables us to see objects. It travels in straight lines and can reflect, refract, or be absorbed. 🔁 Reflection of Light 👉 Definition: Reflection is the bouncing back of light from a shiny surface (like a mirror). 🔄 Laws of Reflection: Incident ray , reflected ray , and normal all lie in the same plane . Angle of incidence = Angle of reflection 🪞 Types of Reflection Type Description Regular From smooth surfaces, clear image Irregular From rough surfaces, blurred image 🔍 Spherical Mirrors Two types: Concave (Converging) Convex (Diverging) Important Terms: Pole (P) : Center of mirror Focus (F) : Point where rays converge/diverge Center of curvature (C) : Center of the sphere Principal axis : Line passing through...

📘 Subject : Biology 🧑‍🏫 Class : 10 CBSE 🧪 Book : Science (NCERT) 🤔 What is Control and Coordination? It refers to the ability of an organism to respond to stimuli and regulate body functions using: Nervous system Endocrine system (hormones) 🧠 Control and Coordination in Animals 1. Nervous System 👉 Made of: Brain Spinal cord Nerves ➤ Neurons Functional unit of the nervous system Transmit electrical impulses 🔹 Parts: Part Function Dendrites Receive signals Axon Transmit signals Axon terminals Pass signal to next neuron 2. Human Nervous System Divided into: Central Nervous System (CNS) : Brain + Spinal Cord Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) : Nerves from CNS to body 🧠 Human Brain Part Function Cerebrum Thinking, memory, senses, voluntary actions Cerebellum Balance and posture Medulla (Brainstem) Involuntary actions like heartbeat, breathing ⚡ Reflex Action Quick, automatic response to a stimulus Example: removing hand...